« Fight Club | Main | LoVe »
June 14, 2005
"Uncle Tom/Aunt Jemima/Little Black Sambo"
In the news: Japan's beloved Little Black Sambo has returned to bookshelves. American pressures led to the book's banning in 1988, but an online petition has brought the lovable racist stereotype back from the dead.
Some choices quotes from "expert" Mori Kazuo - a psychologist from Shinshu University:
Kazuo Mori...said most Japanese were surprised to learn that "Little Black Sambo" had racist overtones."It never occurred to us," he said. "It was just a story."
And...
"The Japanese people can be racist when it comes to Koreans living here," Mori said. "But racist against blacks?""We have no experience in dealing with black people. Where would we get it from?"
Two observations:
First of all, my friend Scott pointed out how nonchalantly Prof. Mori assumes that racism against Koreans is structurally ingrained in Japan. Of course, we don't like the Koreans, because we know the Koreans. But how can we learn to hate Africans if we don't get a chance to know them...?
Second, I think his quote "It never occurred to us" gets at the heart of racism towards Africans in Japan: there's no malicious attempts to put Black people "in their places" (like old-style American racism), but just a widespread ignorance towards sensitive issues. Okay, certainly many Japanese fear miscegenation's threat to the pure Yamato damashii, but for the most part, I would euphemistically describe Japanese attitudes towards Africans as deviating from what is considered "appropriate" in the West.
I am personally uncomfortable with the widely-used term "Black Music" - hip-hop, soul, R&B - because it assigns specific artistic styles to racial disposition, but moreover, there are tanning salons called "Blackie's" and hip-hop skin-darkening practices that border on black-face. Foreign talento Bobby is a whole 'nother bag. For those who have not seen him on television, he is an African immigrant with (possibly fake) poor Japanese who is thrown on shows to say inane things for everyone else's enjoyment. Perhaps there's an argument that he's "breaking barriers" with his stardom, but his popularity seems to be based on his lack of linguistic skills and understanding of Japanese manners, while the white foreign celebrities all speak Japanese fluently and crack "Japanese" jokes. If the allegations are true that Bobby is intentionally mangling his Japanese, this would have seriously damning implications for Japanese tastes.
As with Little Black Sambo, the line is: hey, we Japanese love Black people! But it's a pretty constricting love affair. Blacks must be entertainers, wild natives, sports stars, or naturally "cool." America is equally guilty of constructing these limiting media images, but we fortunately have the chance to know real-life African-Americans of diverse experiences and we have a history of heroic Black leaders whose accomplishments are worth more than what can fit on a 4800 yen t-shirt. The Japanese mainstream, in some ways, doesn't know any better, but I wonder how much longer that's possible in a progressively globalized world.
Posted by marxy at June 14, 2005 8:05 PM
Comments
I recently saw Bobby on 笑っていいとも! and was thoroughly offended at the way he was treated by Mori. I wondered what people would think if he turned around and started speaking in the "baka-voice" to his little white helpers (John and Ian?)
There was a similar quote, if not even more ignorant in Lonely Planet's guide to China which had me baffled and amazed for years. This from a Chinese university student: "There's no racism in China. We don't have any black people."
Posted by: brent at June 14, 2005 11:48 PM
Marxy:
You may be interested in the latest post on the blog of Gary Becker and Richard Posner on how Japan leads the way on a socially efficent retirement policy.
http://www.becker-posner-blog.com/
Vali
Posted by: Vali at June 15, 2005 3:54 AM
no question that bobby intentionally cripples his language ability for the cameras. he makes so many mistakes with funny consequences, and they most often stem from replacing a really basic vocabulary word with a much more complicated one to accomplish a (usually dirty) pun.
But in one sense, at least he's replacing bob sapp, who despite having lived in japan for a long time can't muster more than "gomen nasai" and clown faces. He also has a better back story than bob sapp... although they both come to the 芸能界 from the world of k1.
Like in the states, black people are associated first and foremost with violence and crime (and fuuzoku) in japan. Now the rising star lets them attatch stupidity to the list of stereotypes that black people are welcome to fulfill.
Posted by: nate at June 16, 2005 9:52 AM
oof that came out a little bad.
that is to say, the black people represented in the media in both the states and japan are those associated with violence, crime, fuuzoku...
Posted by: nate at June 16, 2005 9:54 AM
Bob Sapp seems a little more "stately" than Bobby. Or at least, his humor seems good natured.
Posted by: marxy at June 16, 2005 12:37 PM
if I were relentlessly good natured about japan, I might suggest that bobbys failings and struggles represent the japanese media taking another interest in how different and fascinating their own culture is, and that it's not really harmful at all. Through this lens they might start to understand their own attitudes a bit better.
I'm not though.
Posted by: nate at June 16, 2005 1:40 PM
The Japanese have been obsessed with hearing foreigners speak pidgin Japanese, even since the Tokugawa period. I would gather it stems from the strange pride that, no one without Japanese blood could possibly master our incredibly difficult, obscure, and idiosyncratic language. Like, no one in my town in Ohio has this particular European Dinosaur Jr. bootleg.
Bobby would be more acceptible if there were other fluent Africans on TV, but according to the dominant media message here, Whites are super intelligent - even learning our impossible language - and Blacks are silly natives.
Posted by: marxy (out on the town) at June 16, 2005 2:50 PM
I am with you here. I like Bob Sapp. He always comes off as good natured and, despite being a former NFL player and K1 participant, intelligent. He seems kind. He makes the Kano sisters not look so overstuffed. He likes cats (or at least that is what it says on the back of the box of the Bob Sapp action figure I have).
Bobby is Japan's Yakov Smirnoff just not as funny.
I have run into several people, almost always from Japan's large East Asian neighbor, who have tried to claim that racism is a Western concept brought to Asian when Japan adopted European colonialist ideas. They like to pretend that it never existed in practice or as a concept in East Asia and blame it both on Westerners and the Japanese. The sentence that almost always follows this statement is either about how Westerners stole their ancient technology or that the Japanese are really just Chinese people who moved to an island and got hoity.
Posted by: mmm at June 16, 2005 4:05 PM
I can't respond authoritatively to your statements about Japanese racism, but something very much bothers me about your last paragraph (that in fact runs through many of your entries) -- that you compare a racist Japan to a multicultural US -- "America is equally guilty ... but we fortunately have the chance to know real-life African-Americans ..."
DO "we"? I think this glossing over of race-relations in America is just as much of a sin as making surface the "cool" of blacks elsewhere. It's further insulting because of the deteriorating social status of African Americans here; many major US cities have seen a sharp drop in African American populations, as the people and their concerns have moved further into the periphery (both physically and politically). Not to mention the fed-supported discrimination towards other ethnic groups (post 9/11, 3rd world immigrants). You'd think that a nation that prides itself as the most open and free (and has been 'familiar' with African-descended since the era in which they were imported as slaves) would be considerably more understanding of blacks as individuals and a people group, but unspoken racism exists. The US is not a land of multicultural goodness.
You make a correct point that the US can be more tolerant (towards certain groups) and colorful as a whole, compared to Japan. I agree it's very disturbing to see Sambos (bc they remind us of a time of incredible racism in the US) having grown up in PC America. But I don't believe it's helpful to make generalizing statements.
Racism in East Asia can NOT be understood in the same terms as racism in the US. They have a completely different understanding of how it exists in the US (internationally known as a country with a deeply racist history) and in their own nations. Blasting Chinese racism is also indicative of previous commenters' own disturbing prejudices -- how can you possibly judge a nation on a few remarks you read / heard without understanding it contextually, only as an outsider?
Posted by: jean at June 20, 2005 5:39 AM
I think you raise a lot of good points, and my aim was to look at the nature of Japanese racism towards blacks - which I think is based more on ignorance than downright intolerance. I didn't mean to excuse 300 years of American racism, but I will say that there is absolutely some truth to the "myth" of American multiculturalism, however broken it might be. I do have friends of many ethnic backgrounds and there has been a lot of progress in the last 50 years to increase the public dignity of America's diverse races. Is this just lip service? That's a harder question.
Since the Japanese confuse race with ethnicity with nationalism, it's a bit to pull off "racism" without talking about "statism" and "culturalism." There is serious xenophobia against anything not legitimized within the JAPAN race-language-nation-culture structure, and I find it absolutely relevant to ask if the Japanese government does anything to fight against this demolishing this process.
Posted by: marxy at June 20, 2005 10:36 AM
"Blasting Chinese racism is also indicative of previous commenters' own disturbing prejudices -- how can you possibly judge a nation on a few remarks you read / heard without understanding it contextually, only as an outsider?"
Claiming that Chinese racism is too complex to be understood by outsiders is interesting. Outsiders are the targets of such racism and who better to understand it that its victims. Defending Chinese racism only clues us in to your ethnicity.
Apologism is an equally disturbing prejudice.
Posted by: mmm at June 20, 2005 4:05 PM
